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Quantentechnologie

Dieter Meschedes Forschungsgruppe
Home Gruppenmitglieder Tobias Kampschulte
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Dr. Tobias Kampschulte
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in our group:
Postdoc
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in our group:
Cavity QED
 
 

Publications(up to 2015)

  • R. Reimann, W. Alt, T. Kampschulte, T. Macha, L. Ratschbacher, N. Thau, S. Yoon and D. Meschede
    Cavity-Modified Collective Rayleigh Scattering of Two Atoms, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 023601 (2015)arXivBibTeXPDF
    ABSTRACT »

    We report on the observation of cooperative radiation of exactly two neutral atoms strongly coupled to the single mode field of an optical cavity, which is close to the lossless-cavity limit. Monitoring the cavity output power, we observe constructive and destructive interference of collective Rayleigh scattering for certain relative distances between the two atoms. Because of cavity backaction onto the atoms, the cavity output power for the constructive two-atom case (N=2) is almost equal to the single-emitter case (N=1), which is in contrast to free-space where one would expect an N^2 scaling of the power. These effects are quantitatively explained by a classical model as well as by a quantum mechanical model based on Dicke states. We extract information on the relative phases of the light fields at the atom positions and employ advanced cooling to reduce the jump rate between the constructive and destructive atom configurations. Thereby we improve the control over the system to a level where the implementation of two-atom entanglement schemes involving optical cavities becomes realistic.

  • T. Kampschulte, W. Alt, S. Manz, M. Martinez-Dorantes, R. Reimann, S. Yoon, D. Meschede, M. Bienert and G. Morigi
    Electromagnetically-induced-transparency control of single-atom motion in an optical cavity, Phys. Rev. A 89, 033404 (2014)arXivBibTeXPDF
    ABSTRACT »

    We demonstrate cooling of the motion of a single neutral atom confined by a dipole trap inside a high-finesse optical resonator. Cooling of the vibrational motion results from electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)–like interference in an atomic lambda-type configuration, where one transition is strongly coupled to the cavity mode and the other is driven by an external control laser. Good qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions is found for the explored parameter ranges. Further, we demonstrate EIT cooling of atoms in the dipole trap in free space, reaching the ground state of axial motion. By means of a direct comparison with the cooling inside the resonator, the role of the cavity becomes evident by an additional cooling resonance. These results pave the way towards a controlled interaction among atomic, photonic, and mechanical degrees of freedom.

  • S. Gammelmark, W. Alt, T. Kampschulte, D. Meschede and K. Mølmer
    Hidden Markov Model of atomic quantum jump dynamics in an optically probed cavity, Phys. Rev. A 89, 043839 (2014)arXivBibTeXPDF
    ABSTRACT »

    We analyze the quantum jumps of an atom interacting with a cavity field, where strong coupling makes the cavity transmission depend on the time-dependent atomic state. In our analysis we employ a Bayesian approach that conditions the population of the atomic states at time t on the cavity transmission observed both before and after t, and we show that the state assignment by this approach is more decisive than the usual conditional quantum states based on only earlier measurement data. We also provide an iterative protocol which, together with the atomic state populations, simultaneously estimates the atomic jump rates and the transmission signal distributions from the measurement data. Finally, we take into account technical fluctuations in the observed signal, e.g., due to spatial motion of the atom within the cavity, by representing atomic states by several hidden states, thereby significantly improving the state's recovery.

  • S. Brakhane, W. Alt, T. Kampschulte, M. Martinez-Dorantes, R. Reimann, S. Yoon, A. Widera and D. Meschede
    Bayesian Feedback Control of a Two-Atom Spin-State in an Atom-Cavity System, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 173601 (2012)arXivBibTeXPDF
    ABSTRACT »

    We experimentally demonstrate real-time feedback control of the joint spin-state of two neutral Caesium atoms inside a high finesse optical cavity. The quantum states are discriminated by their different cavity transmission levels. A Bayesian update formalism is used to estimate state occupation probabilities as well as transition rates. We stabilize the balanced two-atom mixed state, which is deterministically inaccessible, via feedback control and find very good agreement with Monte-Carlo simulations. On average, the feedback loops achieves near optimal conditions by steering the system to the target state marginally exceeding the time to retrieve information about its state.

  • T. Kampschulte
    Coherently driven three-level atoms in an optical cavity, (2011), DoktorarbeitBibTeXPDF
    ABSTRACT »
    We experimentally realize strong light-matter coupling of a single cesium atom to a single mode of a high-finesse optical cavity. In this regime, the optical properties of one atom change the transmission spectrum of the resonator significantly. The two hyperfine ground states of cesium can be distinguished by the relative transmission of a weak probe beam coupled to the cavity. Here, we coherently couple the two hyperfine ground states via an electronically excited state with two-photon transitions. In the first experimental configuration, two-photon Raman transitions are driven between the two ground states while continuously observing the atomic state. I present a new in-situ spectroscopic technique for the internal hyperfine and Zeeman-sublevel dynamics of an atom inside the cavity mode, using time-dependent Bayesian analysis of quantum jumps. In the second configuration, the three-level atomic structure forms the basis of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT). The modification of the absorptive and dispersive properties of an atom by destructive interference leads to strong changes in the transmission of the probe beam. Our observations are qualitatively described in a semiclassical picture in the weak-probing limit. I furthermore present a fully quantum mechanical model, where deviations from the weak-probing limit, dephasing effects and other hyperfine states are taken into account to fit our data quantitatively. Moreover, I formulated an extension of the semiclassical model to highlight a conceptual contrast to the quantum model. Additionally, the EIT effect is connected with a strong cooling effect, resulting in a 20-fold increase of the storage time of the atoms inside the cavity. I present further results of investigations of this effect where the atoms are trapped and EIT-cooled outside the cavity. From microwave sideband spectra it can be inferred that almost 80% of the atoms are in the ground state of motion along the trap axis. ------ Copyright notice: Readers may view, browse, and/or download material for temporary copying purposes only, provided these uses are for noncommercial personal purposes. Except as provided by law, this material may not be further reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, adapted, performed, displayed, published, or sold in whole or part, without prior written permission from the American Physical Society.
  • T. Kampschulte, W. Alt, S. Brakhane, M. Eckstein, R. Reimann, A. Widera and D. Meschede
    Optical control of the refractive index of a single atom, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 153603 (2010)arXivBibTeXPDF
    ABSTRACT »

    We experimentally demonstrate the elementary case of electromagnetically induced transparency with a single atom inside an optical cavity probed by a weak field. We observe the modification of the dispersive and absorptive properties of the atom by changing the frequency of a control light field. Moreover, a strong cooling effect has been observed at two-photon resonance, increasing the storage time of our atoms twenty-fold to about 16 seconds. Our result points towards all-optical switching with single photons.

  • S. Reick, K. Mølmer, W. Alt, M. Eckstein, T. Kampschulte, L. Kong, R. Reimann, A. Thobe, A. Widera and D. Meschede
    Analyzing quantum jumps of one and two atoms strongly coupled to an optical cavity, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 27, A152 (2010)arXivBibTeXPDF
    ABSTRACT »
    We induce quantum jumps between the hyperfine ground states of one and two Cesium atoms, strongly coupled to the mode of a high-finesse optical resonator, and analyze the resulting random telegraph signals. We identify experimental parameters to deduce the atomic spin state nondestructively from the stream of photons transmitted through the cavity, achieving a compromise between a good signal-to-noise ratio and minimal measurement-induced perturbations. In order to extract optimum information about the spin dynamics from the photon count signal, a Bayesian update formalism is employed, which yields time-dependent probabilities for the atoms to be in either hyperfine state. We discuss the effect of super-Poissonian photon number distributions caused by atomic motion.
  • M. Khudaverdyan, W. Alt, T. Kampschulte, S. Reick, A. Thobe, A. Widera and D. Meschede
    Quantum jumps and spin dynamics of interacting atoms in a strongly coupled atom-cavity system , Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 123006 (2009)arXivBibTeXPDF
    ABSTRACT »
    We experimentally investigate the spin dynamics of one and two neutral atoms strongly coupled to a high finesse optical cavity. We observe quantum jumps between hyperfine ground states of a single atom. The interaction-induced normal-mode splitting of the atom-cavity system is measured via the atomic excitation. Moreover, we observe the mutual influence of two atoms simultaneously coupled to the cavity mode.
  • M. Khudaverdyan, W. Alt, I. Dotsenko, T. Kampschulte, K. Lenhard, A. Rauschenbeutel, S. Reick, K. Schörner, A. Widera and D. Meschede
    Controlled insertion and retrieval of atoms coupled to a high-finesse optical resonator, New J. Phys. 10, 073023 (2008)arXivBibTeXPDF
    ABSTRACT »
    We experimentally investigate the interaction between one and two atoms and the field of a high-finesse optical resonator. Laser-cooled caesium atoms are transported into the cavity using an optical dipole trap. We monitor the interaction dynamics of a single atom strongly coupled to the resonator mode for several hundred milliseconds by observing the cavity transmission. Moreover, we investigate the position-dependent coupling of one and two atoms by shuttling them through the cavity mode. We demonstrate an alternative method, which suppresses heating effects, to analyze the atom-field interaction by retrieving the atom from the cavity and by measuring its final state.
  • J. Schulze, T. Kampschulte, D. Luggenhölscher and U. Czarnetzki
    Diagnostics of the plasma series resonance effect in radio-frequency discharges, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 86, 012010 (2007)BibTeX
    ABSTRACT »
    The intention of the paper is to give an example on how different plasma diagnostics can be combined in a synergistic way in order to investigate new physics. The link between the individual diagnostics has to be provided by theoretical concepts that predict certain relations between the different plasma parameters. The example chosen here is the effect of self-excited plasma series resonances in asymmetric capacitively coupled RF discharges. These resonance oscillations lead to high frequency current oscillations and are caused by a series resonance between the capacitive sheath and the effective inductance of the bulk which results from electron inertia. The non-linearity of the sheath is essential for the self-excitation of these oscillations. Laser spectroscopic electric field measurements, phase and space resolved optical emission spectroscopy, current, voltage, and Langmuir probe measurements are combined. The synergistic effect of these diagnostics in combination with a simple analytical model for the modification of the electron energy distribution function by electron beams yields information on cause and effect of electron heating and a better understanding of these fundamental phenomena.
  • T. Kampschulte, J. Schulze, D. Luggenhölscher, M. D. Bowden and U. Czarnetzki
    Laser spectroscopic electric field measurement in krypton, New J. Phys. 9, 18 (2007)BibTeX
    ABSTRACT »
    A laser spectroscopic method for sensitive electric field measurements using krypton has been developed. The Stark effect of high Rydberg states of the krypton autoionizing series can be measured by a technique called fluorescence dip spectroscopy (FDS) with high spatial and temporal resolution. Calibration measurements have been performed in a reference cell with known electric field and they agree very well with numerical solutions of Schrödinger's equation for jl-coupled states. The application of this method has been demonstrated in the sheath region of a capacitively coupled radiofrequency (RF) discharge. The laser spectroscopic method allows us to add krypton as a small admixture to various low temperature plasmas.

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